The Legacy of Civil War
The civil war was between 1861 and 1865. North and South fought because they were different. The North was more industrial: it had a better economy in contrast the South. The South was based on agriculture, had unequal social structure. The South wanted to have slavery or they will become a different country. But the North did not.
Finally the war end with freeing all slaves, but a new system of segregation and discrimination continued in the South, Jim Crows laws. African Americans had little or no education, used segregated public facilities, for example they could not go to the same school as whites. Finally the Supreme Court ruled that they were "separate but equal". But that was not equality.
The civil war was between 1861 and 1865. North and South fought because they were different. The North was more industrial: it had a better economy in contrast the South. The South was based on agriculture, had unequal social structure. The South wanted to have slavery or they will become a different country. But the North did not.
Finally the war end with freeing all slaves, but a new system of segregation and discrimination continued in the South, Jim Crows laws. African Americans had little or no education, used segregated public facilities, for example they could not go to the same school as whites. Finally the Supreme Court ruled that they were "separate but equal". But that was not equality.
Vocabulary
Jim Crow laws.- These were a new laws that created a system of segregation and discrimination in the South through the 1960's.
Literacy test.- was is a test that shows if a person can read and write. It was very difficult to African Americans because they did not have a good education at that time.
Voting tax.- Is the money that you have to pay before you can vote.
Grandfather Laws.- was a law that make exceptions to many southern with a family member who has vote before 1867. They did not have to pass the literacy test or voting tax.
Lynching.- to punish a person without legal process or authority.
Literacy test.- was is a test that shows if a person can read and write. It was very difficult to African Americans because they did not have a good education at that time.
Voting tax.- Is the money that you have to pay before you can vote.
Grandfather Laws.- was a law that make exceptions to many southern with a family member who has vote before 1867. They did not have to pass the literacy test or voting tax.
Lynching.- to punish a person without legal process or authority.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park, New York on January 30, 1882. He was the son of James Roosevelt and Sara Delano Roosevelt. In the meantime, in 1905, he had married a distant cousin, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, who was the niece of President Theodore Roosevelt. The couple had six children.
He was president of the U.S.A. for 4 terms, and he governed during the Great Depression. After the Great Depression he created new programs to improve the economy of the U.S. He suffered of polio and died in 1945.
ACTIVITIES: New York State Senator Assistant Secretary of the Navy Nominated for Vice President on ticket with James Cox Founded the Warm Springs Georgia Foundation Two term Governor of the State of New York Four term President of the United States, guiding the nation through the Great Depression and World War II
Franklin D. Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park, New York on January 30, 1882. He was the son of James Roosevelt and Sara Delano Roosevelt. In the meantime, in 1905, he had married a distant cousin, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, who was the niece of President Theodore Roosevelt. The couple had six children.
He was president of the U.S.A. for 4 terms, and he governed during the Great Depression. After the Great Depression he created new programs to improve the economy of the U.S. He suffered of polio and died in 1945.
ACTIVITIES: New York State Senator Assistant Secretary of the Navy Nominated for Vice President on ticket with James Cox Founded the Warm Springs Georgia Foundation Two term Governor of the State of New York Four term President of the United States, guiding the nation through the Great Depression and World War II
Eleanor Roosevelt
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was born in New York City on October 11, 1884. her parents died when she was a child, her mother in 1892, and her father in 1894. After her mother's death, Eleanor went to live with her grandmother, Mrs. Valentine G. Hall, in Tivoli, New York. She was educated by private tutors until the age of 15, when she was sent to Allenswood, a school for girls in England. At age 18, Eleanor returned to New York with a fresh sense of confidence in herself and her abilities. She became involved in social service work, joined the Junior League and taught at the Rivington Street Settlement House.
On March 17, 1905, she married her fifth cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and between 1906 and 1916, they became the parents of six children. She participated in the League of Women Voters, joined the Women's Trade Union League, and worked for the Women's Division of the New York State Democratic Committee. She helped to establish Val-Kill Industries, a non-profit furniture factory in Hyde Park, New York, and taught at the Todhunter School, a private girls' school in New York City. She died in 1962 in NYC on November 7 and is buried next to FDR at Hyde Park on November 10.
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was born in New York City on October 11, 1884. her parents died when she was a child, her mother in 1892, and her father in 1894. After her mother's death, Eleanor went to live with her grandmother, Mrs. Valentine G. Hall, in Tivoli, New York. She was educated by private tutors until the age of 15, when she was sent to Allenswood, a school for girls in England. At age 18, Eleanor returned to New York with a fresh sense of confidence in herself and her abilities. She became involved in social service work, joined the Junior League and taught at the Rivington Street Settlement House.
On March 17, 1905, she married her fifth cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and between 1906 and 1916, they became the parents of six children. She participated in the League of Women Voters, joined the Women's Trade Union League, and worked for the Women's Division of the New York State Democratic Committee. She helped to establish Val-Kill Industries, a non-profit furniture factory in Hyde Park, New York, and taught at the Todhunter School, a private girls' school in New York City. She died in 1962 in NYC on November 7 and is buried next to FDR at Hyde Park on November 10.
The Great Depression
The Great Depression (1929-39) was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. In the United States, the Great Depression began soon after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. Over the next several years, consumer spending and investment dropped, causing steep declines in industrial output and rising levels of unemployment as failing companies laid off workers. By 1933, when the Great Depression reached its nadir, some 13 to 15 million Americans were unemployed and nearly half of the country’s banks had failed. Though the relief and reform measures put into place by President Franklin D. Roosevelt helped lessen the worst effects of the Great Depression in the 1930s, the economy would not fully turn around until after 1939, when World War II kicked American industry into high gear.
Among the programs and institutions of the New Deal that aided in recovery from the Great Depression, and the Works Project Administration (WPA), a permanent jobs program that employed 8.5 million people from 1935 to 1943. Though the economy began improving again in 1938, this second severe contraction reversed many of the gains in production and employment and prolonged the effects of the Great Depression through the end of the decade.
The Great Depression (1929-39) was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. In the United States, the Great Depression began soon after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. Over the next several years, consumer spending and investment dropped, causing steep declines in industrial output and rising levels of unemployment as failing companies laid off workers. By 1933, when the Great Depression reached its nadir, some 13 to 15 million Americans were unemployed and nearly half of the country’s banks had failed. Though the relief and reform measures put into place by President Franklin D. Roosevelt helped lessen the worst effects of the Great Depression in the 1930s, the economy would not fully turn around until after 1939, when World War II kicked American industry into high gear.
Among the programs and institutions of the New Deal that aided in recovery from the Great Depression, and the Works Project Administration (WPA), a permanent jobs program that employed 8.5 million people from 1935 to 1943. Though the economy began improving again in 1938, this second severe contraction reversed many of the gains in production and employment and prolonged the effects of the Great Depression through the end of the decade.
World War II
also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, though related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust, in which approximately 11 million people were killed and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centers (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.
also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, though related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust, in which approximately 11 million people were killed and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centers (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.
A Balance of Power
The Bill of Rights
America's First People.
The Nation's Faster-Growing Minorities.
- There three branches of government: Legislative, executive, and judicial.
- The Legislative Branch is also called Congress. It has two parts: the Senate and the House of Representatives.
- There are 100 members in the Senate, two from each state.
- The highest court is the Supreme Court.
- The Constitution gives each branch ways to limit the power of the other branches.
The Bill of Rights
- The Bill of Rights is one of the most important documents in U.S. history.
- The Bill of Rights establish many fundamental rights and freedoms.
- The Bill of Rights have 27 amendments. First of all were 10 and then have been 17 more amendment to the Constitution.
- The First Amendment guarantees freedom of religions, speech, and press.
- The Second Amendment permit to citizens have a gun.
America's First People.
- There were approximately 10 million native people who spoke over 300 different languages at the end of the fifteen century.
- The first Europeans believed they had landed in India, so they called native people Indians.
- Indian and European cultures were very different. Many Indians were nomads and they had a deep respect for the natural world.
- Relations between Indians and Europeans ranged from cooperation to violent conflicts.
- Many Indian communities were destroyed by the actions of the settlers and later on by the policies of the new American government.
The Nation's Faster-Growing Minorities.
- Two important minority groups have shown significant and continuous growth in recent years: Latinos and Asian Americans.
- The Asian American population grew faster than any other group during the period 2000-2010.
- The Latino population continued to expand by 43% in the next 10 years.
- Now, Latinos are the 16% of population, so more than 52 million.
- Experts predict that by 2050, the number of Latinos will be more than 100 million.
Laws of the Land
The first settles came from Great Britain and other countries in Europe. They came for religious freedom, and because wanted a better life. The settlers wanted to make their own economic and political decisions base on their needs, so they protested against because they disagreed about many things, specially about money. In 1775, the War for Independence began. On July, 4, 1776 wrote and signed the Declaration of Independence.
After that the Americans had to make some important decisions about their government. In 1787, a group of leaders discuss a new system of government. They wanted a republic, and democratic nation, the result was a constitution adopted in 1789.
The constitution established a division of power in three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial.
The legislative branch is also called Congress. It has the Senate and the House of Representatives. The executive branch is the president and the vice-president, and the Judicial is the Supreme Court.
The Constitution established also the Bill of Rights in 1791, in form of 10 amendments, this is, one of the most important documents in U.S. history. It establishes many fundamentals rights and freedoms. Since the Bill of Rights, there have been 17 more amendments to the Constitution.
A Diverse Nation
America's First People
When European settlers arrived there were approximately 10 million native American people who spoke over 300 different languages. They were called Indians. Indians and Europeans had violent conflict over who was the owner of the land. Many Indian communities were destroyed, and Indians gave up their rights to their territory in exchange for food, money, and to leave them in peace. After this, the work of slaves started, and it was essential to agriculture economy of the southern United States, about 12 million Africans were sent to the North and South America as slaves. Only about 5 percent of them came to the United States. In spite of importance of the slave trade, many Americans opposed it.
In 1807, the U.S. Congress passed a law that prohibited people from importing slaves, and the slaves received their freedom at the end of the American Civil War in 1865. America is still a diverse country. A new immigrant arrives in the United States every 30 seconds. The majority of population come from Mexico, China, and India.
When European settlers arrived there were approximately 10 million native American people who spoke over 300 different languages. They were called Indians. Indians and Europeans had violent conflict over who was the owner of the land. Many Indian communities were destroyed, and Indians gave up their rights to their territory in exchange for food, money, and to leave them in peace. After this, the work of slaves started, and it was essential to agriculture economy of the southern United States, about 12 million Africans were sent to the North and South America as slaves. Only about 5 percent of them came to the United States. In spite of importance of the slave trade, many Americans opposed it.
In 1807, the U.S. Congress passed a law that prohibited people from importing slaves, and the slaves received their freedom at the end of the American Civil War in 1865. America is still a diverse country. A new immigrant arrives in the United States every 30 seconds. The majority of population come from Mexico, China, and India.
Struggles for Equality
There are three perspectives on the meaning of equality.
1. There are no different among Americans; we are all the same.
2. All Americans should have an equal opportunity to compete for resources such as jobs, housing, and education.
3. Equal outcomes. Resources, such as jobs and education, should be distribute to ensure all Americans achieve the same level of success.
Today, women are includes in many activities that they were excluded before; such as attended college, vote, or become leaders. In addition, the disabled are also protected by Americans with Disabilities Act.
However, Americans resisted to integrated these people into society, and they are still make different based on race, ethnicity, social class, gender, religion, and other factors, and It is illegal to discriminate against these people.
1. There are no different among Americans; we are all the same.
2. All Americans should have an equal opportunity to compete for resources such as jobs, housing, and education.
3. Equal outcomes. Resources, such as jobs and education, should be distribute to ensure all Americans achieve the same level of success.
Today, women are includes in many activities that they were excluded before; such as attended college, vote, or become leaders. In addition, the disabled are also protected by Americans with Disabilities Act.
However, Americans resisted to integrated these people into society, and they are still make different based on race, ethnicity, social class, gender, religion, and other factors, and It is illegal to discriminate against these people.